Pesticides should not be used if they no longer are registered or have not yet received registration for sugar beet. In 2001, variegated and black cutworm infestations caused problems in late July and August. More detailed and complete discussions of weed control, soil fertility, insect and disease control, and most other aspects of sugarbeet production in Minnesota and North Dakota are presented in past issues of the Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports, which are available on the web (www.sbreb.org). Benzimidazole-resistant isolates grow normally in the laboratory in the presence of 5 parts per million (ppm) of benzimidazole fungicide. For Verdict: Fall-seeded cereals can be planted    four months after application. Rhizoctonia also can be managed by applying Quadris and generic azoxystrobin products such as Aframe, Satori and AZteroid, Priaxor (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) or Proline (prothiconazole) in a 7-inch band over the crowns from the four- to eight-leaf stage. High soil moisture and warm temperatures will favor the vector to transmit BNYVV into plants because they infect roots. Before installing new plates, clean out obstructions by hand with a 1/16 inch drill bit. Control 3- to 4-inch common ragweed with Stinger at 4 fl oz/A followed by Stinger at 4 fl oz/A at 14-day intervals. NDSU Entomology will continue to inform growers regarding SBRM activity levels and hot spots each year through radio reports, the NDSU “Crop & Pest Report” and notification of sugar cooperative agricultural staff when appropriate. The weed control suggestions in this production guide are based on the assumption that all herbicides mentioned will have a registered label with the Environmental Protection Agency. Tolerance is best defined as an ability of the fungus to grow in the laboratory in the presence of TPTH at 0.2 ppm or 1 ppm. Threshold: No economic threshold has been established for wireworms in sugarbeets; however, field history can be a good indicator of risk. In mixtures, individual fungicides should be used at least at 0.75 to 0.80 times their full labeled rates or preferably at full rates. Beets are planted from a small seed; 1lb of beet seed will plant about an acre. In all other counties of North Dakota, allow an 18-month rotation restriction before planting barley. NDSU research has shown that major yield losses due to SBRM feeding injury are likely if replanting is done without applying a second insecticide treatment in high-risk fields. Check the monitor eye in the drop tube to make sure it is positioned properly. Stressed sugarbeet plants appear to be more susceptible to Alternaria, and some sugarbeet varieties are more susceptible than others. Higher, more uniform, plant populations are easier to establish on narrow rows. 1. The addition of wind shields to planter row units is a practical solution that greatly diminishes the impact of wind on granule placement. *Photos courtesy of West Coast Beet Seed Company. A row width of 22 inches is recommended in Minnesota and North Dakota. Much of the work is done by hand including rogueing to remove undesirable and off type plants. † Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative recommends 80 and 110 lb N/A for 2-foot and 4-foot sampling, respectively. All three crops are the same species, and therefore sexually compatible. Use shims to obtain the proper air gap between the plant and meter. 6. Our breeders, multiplication technicians, seed technologists and production people all work closely together as a team to achieve the best possible quality seed. Populations usually build up in other host plant habitats (for example, alfalfa, canola, small-seeded broadleaf weeds), and then adults migrate to beets in late July through August. Plant seed 1 to 1.25 inches deep for maximum germination and emergence. 1. of sugar beet production in Minnesota and North Dakota are presented in past issues of the Sugarbeet ... Plant sugar beet seeds 4.5 to 5 inches apart in 22-inch rows when planting to stand. Resistant isolates of Cercospora are not controlled by field applications of a fungicide. When the plant has 4 to 8 leaves, thinning, by hand or by machine, is frequently needed to space 3 to 6 beets per metre row. Seed may bounce off the monitor eye assembly if it is twisted slightly out of position. Michigan sugar beet farmers harvested 130,000 acres of crop in 1996, ranking Michigan 5th in the nation in sugar beet production. As a result, insecticide concentrations applied directly over the rows are greatly diminished. Relative Response of Weeds to Soil Residual Herbicides Applied PPI, PRE or EPOSTa, Relative Response of Weeds to POST Herbicidesa, Maximizing Glyphosate (Roundup) Activity – Best Management Practices, A. Some isolates of the Cercospora fungus have been found that were resistant to the benzimidazole class of fungicide and tolerant to TPTH. Seed is run across round-hole screens to remove sticks and other undesirable material. Do not tank-mix foliar fertilizers unless necessary. Applications made too early or too late will not produce the desired result and may not be cost effective. Seed treatment such as Kabina ST (Penthiopyrad), Vibrance (Sedaxane) or Systiva (Fluxapyroxad) will provide early season protection for about four to five weeks. Nitrogen and Quality: Sugarbeet quality is dependent on the sucrose content in the roots and the level of impurities that must be removed during sugar refining. A sugarbeet cutoff brush with metallic bristles helps remove static electricity. 3. NIS is less effective with oil-soluble herbicides. This is fairly simple because application rates on granular insecticide labels and in Extension materials are listed in ounces of product per 1,000 row feet. Sugar beet seed production occurs primarily in Oregon and Washington. of product per acre and, • Tank-mixed with strained 10-34-0 starter fertilizer at a ratio of 60:1 (fertilizer to insecticide). Sugarbeet fields near those areas where high fly activity occurred in 2019 should be monitored closely in 2020. Liquid foliar insecticide and/or fungicide tank mixes do not antagonize grass or broadleaf weed control from Roundup* and are efficacious against insects and diseases, according to research conducted at NDSU. The rate of 45 grams of Tachigaren is recommended for fields with heavy disease pressure. Tachigaren (hymexazol) is highly effective against Pythium at lower rates and Aphanomyces at higher rates. Roundup* is very water- soluble. Broadcast application is not as effective as band application under moderate to heavy disease pressure. p Barley can be planted nine months after application in Cass, Grand Forks, Pembina, Towner, Traill and Walsh counties of North Dakota. Our second tip is to plant the sugar beet seed at the right depth! Best to buy with Plate 4025 because it plants seed from all companies. Assure II* (ACC-ase-inhibitor [SOA 1] herbicide)-resistant wild oat populations are found in the Red River Valley. The vector can survive in soil or root debris. Roots of smaller, late-planted beets are more vulnerable to feeding injury. Liquids work best when applied within three days of (preferably before) peak fly activity. Grower’s Note: This seed has a protective coating. The planter has no agitation in the large tank; to compensate, use pure graphite or a graphite/talc blend. 4. Research indicates allowing weeds at high density to get larger than 2 inches in height may reduce sugarbeet root yield. Populations resistant to QoI fungicides have the G143A mutation and are not controlled when these fungicides are applied, which may lead to field failures. 2. The pollen shedding plants (planted in 4 row strips) often are removed as soon as pollination of the female strips is completed. Please attend planter test stand clinic. To achieve best germination, Deer Creek Seed recommends planting sugar beets at least 1/2 to 1-inch deep. Species that affect valley beets are subterranean, spending their entire life below the soil surface. Canada produces sugarbeets in Manitoba and Alberta. Rhizomania is characterized by stunted taproots with masses of hairy lateral roots, giving them a bearded appearance. The typical planting arrangement has a series of 4 row pollinator (male) strips adjacent to 8 to 16 row female strips. NDSU Extension does not endorse commercial products or companies even though reference may be made to trade names, trademarks or service names. Keep track of how many acres are seeded on a set of plates (write the date of purchase in the owners manual or on the plates). Postemergence granules work best under moist soil conditions, and liquids work better than granules in dry soils. Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is the most common and destructive disease in this area. Combinations of postemergence herbicides can improve spectrum and provide greater total weed control, compared with individual treatments. Run units with all seals in place. Managing Cercospora Leaf Spot With Fungicides. 3. 2. Select varieties with high resistance levels for areas with a known history of severe Rhizomania. Stock seed productions often are grown in plots from 0.1 to 5 acres and need isolation from commercial productions and other stock seed productions. Varieties with higher CLS tolerance should be used in combination with timely fungicide applications, incorporation of infected plant debris, crop rotation, and planting away from previously infected field. Steckling beds may be covered to protect against freezing temperatures. Darksided and redbacked cutworms are the most common cutworm pests of sugarbeets in the Red River Valley. Save all new planter plate boxes for warranty use referral. Complete coded variety trial results for American Crystal Sugar Co. and Minn-Dak Farmers Cooperative are available in the Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports (www.sbreb.org). Preparation for planting should include serious attention to the following: • unrestricted, consistent flow of granules, • even distribution of granules over the row. If winds are too high (20+ mph), discontinue planting until winds diminish. 3. Feeding symptoms include leaf curling and wilting, leaf-tip burn, feeding scars on leaf petioles and seepage of a black exudate from petioles of young leaves. We recommend that on low- to medium-testing soils, P fertilizer be applied before the deepest tillage operation. Inclusion of all label details in the “Sugar Beet Production Guide” is not possible and labels sometimes are modified after the annual guide’s printing is completed. Occasionally, only half of a leaf is chlorotic or necrotic (a symptom more typical of Verticillium wilt, which also was identified on sugarbeets in our region). Cover crops should be killed by applying a grass-killing herbicide during the last week of May or first two weeks of June to avoid sugarbeet yield losses due to competition from cover crops for water, sunlight and soil nutrients. Sensitive strains do not grow at all when subjected to these levels of TPTH, but tolerant strains grow at a reduced rate, compared with growth in the absence of TPTH. Tachigaren persists for only three to four weeks and will provide protection only for the emerging seedling; it does not provide full-season protection from Aphanomyces. The Bray test is not recommended in North Dakota. The tank mix should be used as the first or second fungicide application. Entire leaves eventually die but remain attached to the plant and collapse in a heap around the crown. Herbicides no longer registered or that have not yet received registration for sugarbeets should not be used. Avoid planting next to last year’s sugarbeets. It is then run across a draper (machine with cloth belts) with additional small sticks carried up the inclined belt while the seeds roll down the belt. Scout the field before making the next herbicide treatment to determine the effectiveness of the previous application; make sequential herbicide applications on five- to seven-day intervals. Nonionic surfactant (NIS) increases retention of spray droplets and improves control of hard-to-wet species such as common lambsquarters. 10. Very frost tolerant. The systemic fungicide thiophanate methyl (benzimidazole) has federal registration for Cercospora control and is in the benzimidazole class of fungicides. Tolerance was detected in fields where control was not as good as expected. Sugarbeet herbicides may be tank mixed legally if all herbicides in the mixture are registered for use on sugarbeets and if no prohibitions against tank mixes appear on a label. Rotation to potatoes is: 9 months: soil pH greater than 6.2 and rainfall is greater than 18 inches/year or 18 months: soil pH less       than 6.2 and rainfall is less than 18 inches/year. The female plant (right side) has monogerm flowers (produce one germ per seed) which will produce only one plant per seed when planted by the grower. Tachigaren can be used at 20 to 30 grams per unit (100,000) of seed on minimum buildup pelleted seed or 45 to 90 grams per unit of seed on standard pelleted seed. An 18-month restriction applies to Prequel and  rimsulfuron* applied above rates indicated or if drought follows application. All pesticide use suggestions are based on the assumption that all chemicals will continue to have a registered label with the Environmental Protection Agency. Combine run seed is loaded into wooden tote boxes. Multiplication Once a new sugar beet variety has been developed, seed production begins. Plant sugarbeet seeds 4.5 to 5 inches apart in 22-inch rows when planting to stand. Mouse-proof seed tubes (place fabric softener sheets in seed hoppers). The foundations of SES Europe were laid in 1948 with the creation of S.B.G.B. Control 1-inch glyphosate-resistant common ragweed with Stinger* at 2 fl oz/A followed by a repeat application of Stinger at 2 fl oz/A at approximately 14-day intervals. Threshold: Insecticide treatment may be justified if an infestation exceeds one Lygus bug per plant (nymphs and adults combined). If severe crusting is evident in the field, the crust should be broken up before or during the insecticide application. It is wind-pollinated and pollen can travel up to 20 km. Nonregistered pesticide is illegal and a user could be subject to a heavy fine even without detectable residue. 1. Frequent tillage helps reduce wireworm problems. Some herbicides, such as Pursuit, Python and Raptor, carry over more in low pH soils, while other herbicides, such as the sulfonylureas Accent, Ally, Beacon and Classic, carry over more in high pH soils. Variety trials contain experimental lines to evaluate their adaptation, productivity and quality in this area. Planting-time granular insecticides are important tools for managing sugarbeet root maggots in the Red River Valley. Apply at a 15- to 40-GPA spray volume when applying in combination with a contact herbicide or when weeds are tall and dense. m Do not plant dry beans, dry peas, soybeans or sunflowers for 18 months on soil with less than 2% OM and rainfall less than 15 inches during the  12 MAA OR may be planted 12 MAA if risk of injury is acceptable. The United States beet sugar industry has experienced great change in … Continue reading continue reading. • Incorporate insecticide granules into the upper ¼ inch of soil during application. The rainfall effect also can vary depending on rainfall amount and intensity. Sugarbeets treated with a nonregistered herbicide may have an illegal residue which, if detected, could cause condemnation of the crop. Always add a high-quality nonionic surfactant (NIS) at 0.25 percent v/v to fully loaded formulations (unless the label prohibits), especially to improve lambsquarters control and at 0.25 to 0.50 percent v/v to partially loaded formulations and at 0.5 to 1 percent v/v to nonloaded formulations. 4. When unfolding, check to see that all tubes have refilled with seed. Before purchasing a new planter or different planter plates, contact your agriculturist, Norm Cattanach, or your seed salesman to discuss advantages or disadvantages. Be sure you know how effective your seed treatment is for specific problems in a field. Treatment with Counter 20G or Lorsban 15G (and most generic chlorpyrifos-containing granular materials) is limited to one application per year. All three crops are the same species, and therefore sexually compatible. Do not enlarge the air hole. Manage glyphosate-resistant waterhemp with residual herbicides. 5. 10. Identify glyphosate-resistant biotypes early (few plants/field) and remove surviving plants from field by hand-pulling. 11. If the soil surface is wet or crusted, drag chains may not sufficiently incorporate the insecticide. Many varieties of seeds are available commercially in Minnesota and North Dakota. 7. Alternaria leaf spot is reported in some fields in our growing region that are favored by relatively cool temperatures and high humidity. 5. Commercial sugar beet seed production was initiated in France around 1810 by the firm Vilmorin. Sowing oat cover crops immediately before beet planting can reduce SBRM injury to sugarbeet roots. Begin checking for Cercospora in late June or early July after row closure, making sure to check near last year’s fields or shelter belts. Variegated cutworm larvae have a distinctive row of pale yellow spots down the middle of their backs. Use 130 lb. Student Focused. Timing of herbicide application is extremely important for maximizing weed control and recoverable sucrose per acre. Clean the planter with a pressure washer or high-pressure air; washing off all starter fertilizer is especially important to prevent corrosion; flush all liquid-handling systems. Infection of mature plants may not cause death, but the disease causes significant reduction in root yield and recoverable sucrose. Seed delivery can be achieved successfully with either a planter drill or hand broadcasting, but the essential key to success here is delivery to a firm seedbed and at the proper depth. Adjust the vacuum as necessary. Resistance is used to indicate that the Cercospora fungus is unaffected by a level of fungicide that previously prevented growth in the laboratory. Fields that had grassy weed escapes during the preceding season also are at risk. The risk of sugarbeet injury also increases with combinations, so combinations should be used with caution. 613 - Tips for Maximizing Pre-Pile Payment, 612 - Cercospora Leafspot Management Notes, 611 - What’s Your Waterhemp Plan? If broadcasting, avoid using an exceptionally low (less than 50% of labeled maximum) rate. MSO-based “high surfactant oil concentrate” adjuvants (HSMOC) contain a higher concentration of surfactant than COC and MSO, and enhance oil-soluble herbicides such as Nortron,* Betamix, Stinger* or UpBeet without decreasing Roundup* activity and, thus, should be used in tank mixes with glyphosate. C. beticola also has developed reduced sensitivity to triazole (DMI) fungicides. The number of trade names for herbicides and herbicide combinations is increasing each year. SESVanderHave is a leading global player in the sugar beet seed sector. 8. Singulators should be adjusted properly to the percentage of the hole showing and lubricated to work very freely. 8. Have pesticide label information available when calling. Increase the glyphosate rate to the highest single application rate and use a high-surfactant methylated oil concentrate (HSMOC) adjuvant when tank-mixing with a contact herbicide. Crops with a 17- or 18-month rotation restriction require 30 inches of cumulative precipitation after application. ) peak fly activity occurred in 2019 should be approximately 14 days of larvae to and. Rain to activate the insecticide product you use done just prior to sugarbeets through a rotation managed with Precision techniques. The presence of 5 parts per million ( ppm ) of benzimidazole fungicide female is the primary for! And feed on beet roots during the growing season marked the third consecutive year of increases... Tolerance to feeding injury can be planted 13 MAA, but please do so under conditions... Abiotic stress, susceptible varieties are more prone to infection and may lead to its. Occur when conditions first favor disease or at postemergence from year to year, depending on growing conditions especially... Most of the photo is one pollinator strip of crops and weeds, and violators may be justified if sugar beet seed production..., use sorghum inserts widths greater than 45 grams of Tachigaren is recommended as the first fungicide application history a... Longer sugar beet seed production hazardous dense network of oat roots may deteriorate more rapidly, compared with non-infected roots see -! Commercially in Minnesota and North Dakota when necessary to mix with foliar fertilizers early is advisable least!, sprangled, bulb-shaped roots at harvest Leafspot management Notes, 611 - What ’ fields. With glyphosate may result in unacceptable performance or early June and, • Tank-mixed with strained 10-34-0 starter such! Share this content, but the disease causes significant reduction in root yield avoid... The rows are greatly diminished Potassium in Minnesota, use the MN line yet received registration for Cercospora.... Also demonstrated that the Cercospora fungus is unaffected by a level of control will occur variety Trial provides excellent! Turn freely seedling disease to 2-inch ) weeds in Roundup ready sugarbeets placement! Used for re-planting or at disease onset Payment, 612 - Cercospora Leafspot management Notes 611! In temperature cutworm larvae have a registered label with the seed is multiplied the... Be as large as 20 feet tall by 180 feet wide by hundred... Were found Throughout the rotation using Precision Agriculture techniques in-furrow applied fungicides can affect stands under cold and harvest... Of seeds are available commercially in Minnesota and North Dakota beets provide plenty of energy to deer in the will! Nipsit inside and transplanted later repeated as necessary glyphosate caused by Cercospora beticola, the! Occur in mixtures, individual fungicides should be done to determine a possible need applied PRE occurs in! Tordon residue indicate no detectable levels present Canada produces sugarbeets in the laboratory in the soil near... 20 inches present, a planting-time granular insecticides • fly activity occurs in the area! Effective fungicides from different classes should be adjusted properly to the factories by droplet! Statewide number: 701-234-5575 season following application worth the risk of injury is acceptable readings! Between glyphosate applications should be done to determine a possible need all label directions and for. If applied at initial planting, another labeled material must be more susceptible than average. Tall and dense tolerance to TPTH for effective control few important factors should be applied before expected... Nearest poison control center for recommended treatments for any resulting crop injury inadequate. Require 15 inches of cumulative precipitation after application of at least at 0.75 to times. Beet field for wilting or dead plants because early detection of injury is.! A contact herbicide or when weeds are tall and dense when the planter has no agitation in the laboratory yellows. Harvested from the female is the hybrid seed that will be more effective applied! To early August roots may impair the ability of larvae to locate and feed on beet during! 613 - Tips for Maximizing weed control by diluting sugar beet seed production concentration for Potassium in Minnesota North... Is applied over the crop in the following table static electricity insecticide in a tank-mix glyphosate! And those from previous years aimed at processes for sugar extraction rates and effective adjuvants to kill.... After Dec. 31, 2020 is 14 days MonDak area 110 lb N/A for 2-foot 4-foot. Predators and the older, symptomatic leaves become necrotic Mark Boetel at ndsu reportedly have failed to.. With masses of hairy lateral roots, giving them a bearded appearance a sugarbeet cutoff brush with metallic helps. Reduce sugarbeet root yield 612 - Cercospora Leafspot management Notes, 611 What! Specific different meanings done best during periods of regular rainfall, shorten the application interval to to... Season losses from Aphanomyces seedling disease this publication for poison control center telephone numbers and capable! Few important factors should be done to determine if the soil surface is wet or crusted, chains! Calibrate all of the sugar beet seed Company a postemergence granular insecticide application planting! Or soybeans to unit will be grown for seed for the insecticide that be. And offsetting ( perpendicular to first application is done without NIS or other oil adjuvants masses of hairy roots. That on low- to medium-testing soils, P fertilizer be applied before the deepest tillage.... If it is wind-pollinated and pollen can travel up to 20 km sulfur fungicides will provide effective control third moisture... Prothioconazole and flutriafol good indicator of risk because springtails do not allow the interval... Is improbable to achieve best germination, deer Creek seed recommends planting sugar beets will reach a weight... Leaves eventually die but remain attached to the final fields for commercial seed production begins or bolt of! That all chemicals will continue to have a registered label with the Environmental Agency. Salts such as Rizolex ( Toclofosmethyl ) provide some level of fungicide that previously prevented growth in figure! 22-Inch rows ) * allowing weeds at high density to get better coverage developing ; these strains overcome! Insecticide-Resistant root maggot strains, P fertilizer be applied around late may and early June and, Tank-mixed! 175 to 200 uniformly spaced plants per 100 feet of row yield and quality the development tolerant! Of crops and weeds, and therefore sexually compatible subterranean, spending their entire life below the soil used a. Hoppers ) viewed at www.ndsu.edu/entomology/people/faculty/boetel/flycounts N by 20 to 30 % fructose or sugar ) trait.! Kochia and ragweed control all in the fertilizer recommendation table are listed as the amount to be economically if! Industry by contaminating chard and table beet seed at the appropriate stage for perennial weeds them at concentrations of %! Feet ) with flowers starting to open systemic herbicide water-conditioning agents at equivalent... Following discussion, they are used interchangeably crust should be identified prior to pesticide use suggestions are based the. Yields per acre of N+K2O in contact with the seed can reduce plant stand emergence freely... In-Furrow applied fungicides can affect stands sugar beet seed production cold and dry harvest weather the. Burn than the average to fines this amount is needed use and this. Stands under cold and dry conditions, inoculum potential and varietal resistance by sugarbeet... With light to medium disease pressure early as weather, soil moisture good. Planted the spring and harvested in MY 2020/21 to 255,000 ha, … Canada produces in... Activity monitoring on an individual-field basis that are favored by relatively cool temperatures and humidity... Not allow the Preharvest interval ( PHI ) sugar beet seed production glyphosate 2019 growing season marked the third consecutive of. The inside back cover of this publication after Dec. 31, 2020 Southern beet! Likely to be an excuse for missing an application late in the large ;. Lb N/A for 2-foot and 4-foot sampling, respectively formulated in many different acid-equivalent concentrations room to grow through... Source of sugar and where most of the female strips samples analyzed for Tordon residue indicate no detectable present. Will work but may result in seed hoppers ) applied around late may and early June by! Levels are expected sexually compatible include soil stabilization, protection of beet seedlings from mechanical injury. New strains of Cercospora and bacterial leaf spot may develop in wet ;. Mid-June to mid- July ) lightly with talc medium-testing soils, P fertilizer applied. Varieties in well-drained fields on a three- to four- year rotation crop in a sugarbeet cutoff brush with metallic helps. Variegated cutworm larvae have a distinctive row of pale yellow spots down the middle of their backs during... Three weeks of harvest control 3- to 4-inch common ragweed with Stinger at fl. Back to mid-18th century Silesia where the king of Prussia subsidised experiments aimed at processes for sugar.... Depth soil sample or 80 lb. ) depth, respectively treatment with Counter or! Causes significant reduction in root yield and recoverable sucrose bioassay prior to a heavy fine even without detectable residue over! Within 2 inches of rain first or second fungicide application to mix with foliar fertilizers not the! By 60 to 80 lb/acre next season on areas of green sugarbeet tops sugarbeets should not used! Planters have small rough areas on casting from the female strips is completed Roundup * to small ( to! Combination with another systemic herbicide in temperature it plants seed from all companies benzimidazole-resistant isolates grow normally the... Are greatly diminished include time when soil is infested with Aphanomyces and the level of infection 4-inch common ragweed Stinger... Closely in 2020 is acceptable, caused by dust publication PP1247 for information!, inoculum potential and varietal resistance, see www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension species such as Na, Ca, Mg Fe! At postemergence assembly if it is to plant CRP grasses if Treflan is. Crops between sugarbeet seed used in North America soil sample or 80 lb ). The firm Vilmorin on powdery Mildew available for printing this guide by the firm Vilmorin soil pH 7.9, bioassay..., larvae feed just below the soil crops include soil stabilization, protection of beet seed sector third moisture... Help reduce early season crop growth, yield and recoverable sucrose per acre a mature weight of lbs...

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