It is covered with a number of depressions called “eye” and each eye represents a node. Stolon: It is a weak lateral branch that arises from the base of main stem. 4. Bougainvillea) and check transpiration. Example: Palm, Colocasia. Potato is the most common tuber largely used as food. Question 1. Your email address will not be published. (b) Stolon — Pistia (c) Runner — Jasmine (d) Sucker — Chrysanthemum. These help in photosynthesis. It has distinct nodes and internodes. This condensed form of the stem grows in the vertical direction. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows 18-04-2018. Zig-zag development of inflorescence axis is an example of: a) Helicoid cyme b) Scorpioid c) Umbel d) Compound umbel 36. In Citrus, Duranta and Aegel thorns are modified axillary buds; in Carrissa (Or. Aerial modifications of Stem. It develops a leafy shoot and adventitious roots before separating from the mother plant. It is covered by a corry Skin with a number small depressions called eyes’. It is modified into three important types: Some underground stems are modified for food storage and to survive under unfavourable conditions. What part of the plant is modified into a ‘pitcher’? Short Answer Questions-I (3 marks each) 16. These sprouts can be separated from the parent plant and when planted in other areas, new plants are formed. The leaves are modified into spines or scales to check transpiration. Thorns are used as defence organs and help to check transpiration. Root cap has no role in absorption of water, because it has (a) cells arranged loosely (b) no cells containing chloroplast (c) no root hair (d) no direct connection with the vascular system 2. In this, the bulbils are condensed auxiliary buds. It is spherical in shape with a flattened base. NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants: This chapter will tell you that flowering plants exhibit enormous variation in shape, size, structure, mode of nutrition, life span, habit, and habitat and they have well-developed root and shoot systems. ‘Potato is a stem and sweet potato is a root.’ ... (stolon). Based on their nature, stem modifications are of three types namely, 1. The exemplar has been provided by the National Council of Educational Research & Training (NCERT) and the candidates can check it from below for free of cost. The nodes bear dry scale leaves with axillary buds. They produce aerial shoots annually. Offsets art generally found in aquatic plants like Pistia (water lettuce), Eichomia (water hyacinth), Houseleek etc. This is done by controlling the growth of the leaves. A stolon is a plant propagation strategy and the complex of individuals formed by a mother plant and all its clones produced from stolons form a single genetic individual, a genet. We have provided Reproduction in Organisms Class 12 Biology MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. Rhizomes are modified stems that typically grow horizontally along the surface of or beneath the ground.Rhizomes are storage sites for growth substances such as proteins and starches.As rhizomes extend, roots and shoots may arise from segments of the rhizome and develop into new plants. CoolGyan.Org to score more marks in your examination. Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths. Example: Strawberry plant. Explore more about different types of reproduction only @ BYJU'S. Click here to view, download or print flexiprep exclusive NCERT Class 11- Biology: Chapter –5 Morphology of Flowering Plants Part 6. Offset: This is a short runner with one lone internode. Example – Pistia, Eichhornia. Share Your PPT File. Rhizomes . It is a type of phylloclade which consists of only one internode. 35. A scale leaf is always present at the point of branching of the tendril. Here, the terminal bud gives rise to a new stem and adventitious roots. Examples – C-Cynodon (Lawn grass), Oxalis (Wood sorrel), Centella (Or. Examples- colocasia, corcus, Amorphophallus. Runner arises from an axillary bud. It does not contain adventitious roots. It moves horizontally under the soil for a distance and then grows obliquely upwards. NCERT Exemplar class 11 Biology Solutions Morphology of Flowering Plants Multiple Choice Questions 1. Although they resemble roots superficially but can be; distinguishable from roots by the presence of following features: (ii) Presence of scale leaves, buds and adventitious roots at the nodes. E.g., Pistia. The corm has distinct circular nodes and in ternodes. Describe various stem modifications associated with food storage, climbing and protection. These are meant for climbing. Detachment of entire branch or a node can develop into a new plant. Morphology Edit These stolons from the corm of a Crocosmia are stems that emerged from axillary buds at the nodes of the tunic leaves . It is fleshy, non-green underground stem. Content Guidelines 2. In case of garlic, the bulb consists of an aggregate of bulblets or cloves, each covered by its individual tunic. Each stamen represents the male reproductive organ. These are modified axillary vegetative or floral buds meant for food storage. E.g., Opuntia. The stems are modified into aerial forms to perform important functions such as climbing, food storage, vegetative propagation, and protection. These are brownish in colour. In Dioscorea, bulbils are condensed axillary buds while in Agava and lily the floral buds develop into bulbil. Aerial stem modifications 2. Plants reproduce asexually through their vegetative parts such as leaves, roots, stem, and buds.This is known as vegetative propagation. The plants are commonly known as creepers and their subaerial stem modifications meant for vegetative propagation. It produces a rosette of leaves above and adventitious roots below. It arises from the basal part of the main stem. … A sheath of dry membranous scale leaves covers the tunicated bulb. Many plants produce underground stems for perennation and food storage. A mother plant often produces a number of runners in all direction. E.g., Dioscorea. Stem tendrils may be: These are pointed, hard structures which may or may not bear leaves, branches and flowers. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Some of the underground stems are modified for food storage and to survive under unfavourable conditions. Banana and Alocasia indica are some examples of the rhizome. A large number of runners are produced by a mother runner in all the directions. BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS 3. … These are modified into: It is a creeper that runs horizontally on the surface of the soil. Mint is an example of stolon. The leaves are produced above and the adventitious roots below. After growing aerially for some time it bends downwards to touch the ground, where its terminal bud gives rise to a new shoot and adventitious roots. Wild strawberry is an example of . Khirkoli) terminal bud gets modified into thorn. 56. Physics. Why do lymph nodes often swell and become tender or even painful when you are sick? An underground runner is known as sobole. The stem modifications are as follows: The stem gets modified into a threadlike leafless structure called tendrils. What is its function? These are straight, pointed, hard or woody structures sometimes they bear leaves, flowers or even may be branched. The common stolon bearing plants are Jasmine, Colocasia, and Vellisneria etc. A big scar at one end (heel end) of a potato marks its attachment to the stolon. The nodes have scale leaves, adventitious roots, and auxiliary buds. Asexual Reproduction is a kind of reproduction where offspring's arise from a single parent. Question 3. Mentha sp.(mint). E.g. (b) Extra-axillary tendrils-e.g., Cucurbita, Luffa, (c) Leaf-opposed or Apical bud tendrils, e.g., Grapevine (Vitis), (d) Floral bud or Inflorescence tendrils – e.g., Antigonon, Cardiospermum (Balloon vine. Your email address will not be published. It is shorter and thicker and is found in aquatic plants. Share Your PDF File Stem tuber is a swollen tip of an underground lateral Stem (Stolon). Thalkudi) etc. In this, the leaves are modified into prickles. E.g., ginger. Wild strawberry is an example of . The accompanying table demonstrates the life ranges of a couple of living creatures.Table: Life Spans of some living beings 18. In horticulture, branches are lowered down to meet the soil where they strike the root. There are auxiliary as well as apical buds. Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants prepared by expert Biology teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books. Stolon is a modification of stem which is also known as runner. In other plants, the initial taproot of the seedling is replaced by a fibrous, or diffuse, root system. It also contains terminal buds. The terminal bud gets modified into thorns. E.g., onion, garlic. E.g., Colocasia. They detach to become new plants. How 18-04-2018. Spines are the modified plant organs. 3. Stolon is present in the internodal region, it is aerial, forms an arch and touches the substratum forming nodal region. These may not necessarily contain a branch. कक्षा 10 की NCERT पुस्तके Hindi तथा English Medium; ... Stolon. The n ides bear scale leaves and axillary buds. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Computer Science (Python) NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) ... Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. These are seen in xerophytic plants like Opuntia, Euphorbia, Casuarina, Cocoloba etc. The bulb may be tunicated or scaley. After growing aerially for some time it bends downwards to touch the ground, where its terminal bud gives rise to a new shoot and adventitious roots. Some underground stem modifications are: These are non-green with distinct nodes and internodes. These are fleshy, green, and take part in photosynthesis. A sterile stamen is called staminode. No individual is everlasting with the exception of unicellular living being on account of it proceeds with its life traverse in descendants by fission. Runners break off and grow into individual plants, and thus help in vegetative propagation. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. An aphid, giving birth to a live young by parthenogenesis is shown in … Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Roots developed from parts of … The stem helps in providing structure and support to the plant. Underground stem modifications It originates from leaf axil, grows as a short horizontal branch. Thorns are used as organs of defence or climbing (e.g. The formation of seeds without fertilization is a common example for apomixis. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge ... Common Example of Rhizopus. E.g., Mentha, These grow aerially for some time and then bend downwards to touch the ground. A scaley bulb contains no tunic. How can these modified forms of stem be distinguished from each other? stolon: a shoot that grows along the ground and produces roots at its nodes; a runner; tuber: a fleshy, thickened, underground stem of a plant, usually containing stored starch, as for example a potato or arrowroot; cladode: green branches of limited growth which have taken up the functions of photosynthesis; rhizome: a horizontal underground stem of some plants that sends out … For example, onion bulbs, tubers of potato, runners/stolon, etc. Rearrange the following zones as seen in the root in vertical section and choose the correct option. Question from very important topics are covered by NCERT Exemplar Class 11.You also get idea about the type of questions and method to answer in your Class 11th … The base of the bulb consists of a cluster of adventitious roots. NEET Biology Chapter Wise Mock Test – Morphology of Flowering Plants 1. These are leaves modified into scales or spines to check transpiration. NCERT DC Pandey Sunil Batra HC Verma Pradeep Errorless. What is the significance of transpiration? E.g., Jasmine. Some of the underground stem modifications are: Some common example of rhizopus species are: Rhizopus Arrhizus: They help in production of alcoholic beverages ... NCERT Book Solutions. Exam. They undergo vegetative propagation to form a new plant. Stolons are produced by virtually all June-bearing strawberry plants and most everbearing and day-neutral strawberry varieties. The nodes bear axillary buds, scale leaves and adventitious roots. It is a condensed form of rhizome growing in vertical direction. Sebati), Musa (banana), Mentha (Or podina), strawberry, pineapple etc. The lower part of the potato gets covered by the earth where the adventitious branches grow. Example: Onion (Allium cepa), Garlic (Allium sativum) etc. 5) Vegetative Propagation. Silene exhibits clear nodes and internodes. In these kinds of plants, the stem is partly above the ground and partly below the ground. Agropyron. A good example of a stolon bearing plant is Answer: Jasmine. It is a short runner with one internode long. Stolon: It's a weak lateral stem that rises from the main stem base. For example, despite the presence of a green leaf and optimal light and CO 2 conditions, the plant may not photosynthesise if the temperature is very low. Opposite decussate phyllotaxy is found in: a) Calotropis b) Mango c) Hibiscus d) Nerium 37. 1st PUC Biology Plant Kingdom Additional Questions and Answers. Runner is a fast growing stem that grows on the surface of the soil.They develop into a new plant. Where are the pollen grains formed in the flower? Short aerial branches and adventitious roots develop at the nodes. It is a highly condensed discoid stem its upper surface a terminal bud and many fleshy scale leaves are present. Check the below NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms with Answers Pdf free download. It consists of fleshy internodes and the leaves are modified into spines or small scaly leaves. MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. ... page 77, NCERT Text Book of Biology for Class XI. This modification is seen in xerophytic plants and stores water. Stem: Terms, Surface and Forms (With Diagram), Leaf: Characteristics, Types, Duration and Insertion. Example: Jasmine, Colocasia. These are fleshy, green flattened or cylindrical branches of unlimited growth. ... Q3. These are green cylinderical or flattened leaf-like branch of limited growth. The common sucker-bearing plants are Chrysanthemum (Or. TOS4. These are cylindrical but non-fleshy. For example, Sweet potato and Dahlia. Here we have provided NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions along with NCERT Exemplar Problems Class 11.. (e) Androecium is composed of stamens. Like roots, the stems also undergo modifications to perform various special functions. The auxiliary buds are present on the sides. Mint plant reproduces both vegetatively and through seeds. It is a short runner with one internode in length. Reproduction is the biological process of producing offsprings that are biologically or genetically similar to the parents. Thus we see how the stem is modified according to the functions it performs. Here, its terminal bud produces a new shoot and adventitious roots. It grows horizontally for a distance under the soil and then emerges obliquely upwards. Taproot, the main root of a primary root system, growing vertically downward. 4. This can be done artificially as well, which is widely employed in horticulture. NCERT. What part of the plant is modified ... Stolon, offset and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. Dear candidate Mint is an example of stolon because these have horizontal orientation on the stem and grow along the soil surface ie., they grow horizontally but jasmine is not stolon it is a runner because of the reason that it grows above the ground which means runner is a type of stolon and runner spread on the surface of the ground and grows over the soil. Zone of meristems C. Rootcapzone D. Zone of maturation E. Zone of elongation (a) C, B, E, A, D […] The word “stolon” comes from the Latin word “stolo” meaning a shoot, branch, or twig springing from the root. These are horizontally oriented stem that grow along the soil surface giving rise to roots and aerial branches. What are the general characters of bryophytes? The coherence of life on earth is accomplished by the procedure of reproduction. It is the axis of the flower and contains the flower organs such as calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. NCERT Solutions. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. Underground modifications of Stem II. Thorns can be distinguished from spines and prickles as they are deep-seated with vascular connections. Some of the most important types of modifications of stem are as follows: I. Vegetative propagation is much faster than the sexual reproduction in plants. Terminal buds also present. Vegetative Propagation by Stems. Suckers are the short underground stem branches that arise from the base of an aerial stem.These branches can grow aerially and develop adventitious roots and new suckers at their bases. Books. E.g., C-Cynodon. The number of ends in a glycogen molecule would be (a) equal to the number of branches plus one (b) equal to the number of branch points (c) one (d) two, one on the left side and another on the right side. 57. The various aerial modifications are as follows: Stem or its branches get modified into green thread like leafless structures called tendrils which are meant for climbing. The common types of rhizomes are fleshy due to the storage of food material. It contains objective, very short answer type, short answer type, and long answer type questions. Candidates can download NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 from this page. Adventitious roots arise from the lower side. Subaerial modifications of Stem III. These are modified vegetative or floral buds with stored food and meant for vegetative propagation. Question 2. StudyAdda offers free study packages for AIEEE, IIT-JEE, CAT, CBSE, CMAT, CTET and others. Eg., Asparagus. Before separating from the original plant, it develops adventitious roots and leafy shoots. Such natural stolons are found in Mentha spicata. It has distinct nodes and internodes. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Runners arise from the auxiliary buds. Key Terms. Privacy Policy3. Sub-aerial modifications 3. What is a mushroom shaped gland? Each eye represents a node, bearing one or more buds subtended by a leaf scar (= scale leaf). E.g., Bouganvillea. The rhizome that grow obliquely is called root stock rhizome (e..g., Alocasia, Dryopteris, Banana etc.) It is more or less spherical with a flattered base. ... NCERT. Vegetative propagation may occur naturally through the development of rhizomes. and when grow horizontally is called straggling rhizome [e.g. For more information, keep visiting BYJU’S website or download BYJU’S app for further reference. A. Root hair zone B. class 12 class 11 class 10 class 9 class 8 class 7 class 6. An underground runner is called sobole, e.g. A scaly bulb is without any tunic, e.g., Lily. Spadix is a special type of spike having a fleshy peduncle and a large brightly coloured bract called spathe. Answer Now and help others. They help in photosynthesis. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology is very important resource for students preparing for XI Board Examination. This leaf, if given the optimal temperature, will start photosynthesising. It is a weak lateral branch that arises from the base of main stem. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 2525252525 in shallow water or in marsh lands. 2. It arises from the basal, underground part of the main stem. A cluster of adventitious roots arise from the base of the bulb. Which organelle is known as “power house” of the cell? They take part in photosynthesis and store water. Give one example of each. The time of birth to common death of a living being is called Life Traverse. In subaerial modifications, the stem is partly aerial and partly underground. (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Lateral branches emerge from the base of the main stem, they initially grow upward and then arch down to develop new plants. Adventitious roots are usually absent e.g., Potato. Example – Ginger Turmeric. IIT-JEE. Example: Achyranthes. It has nodes (eyes) which consist of one or more buds subtended by a leaf scar. Ginger, termeric, Cannaetc.). These may be branched or un-branched.  Many fleshy scale leaves are present. Get sample papers for all India entrance exams. The common stolon bearing plants are Jasmine, Colocasia, and Vellisneria etc. It is a fleshy part of the plant which stores food. These are largely used as food and grow very slowly. Runners break off and grow into an independent plant giving rise to vegetative propagation. The rhizome rootstock grows vertically upwards instead of horizontal. Learn more about the types, advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction only at CoolGyan. (iii) Internal structure resembles that of aerial stem and not of root. The bulbs may be tunicated or scaly. In certain plants, the aerial stem or buds get modified to perform special functions like climbing, protection, food storage, vegetative propagation etc. Required fields are marked *. Most dicotyledonous plants produce taproots, some of which are specialized for food storage. When a permanent change occurs in the structure of stems to perform new functions suitable for the environment, it is called as a ‘stem modification’. ... Stolon, offset and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. Adventitious roots are present either at the base or all over the body. Vegetative propagation occurs through stems when new plants arise from the nodes. Adventitious roots arise either from its base or all over the body. Stolon, offset and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. Garlic is a good example of Answer: bulb. A tunicated bulb is covered by a sheath of dry membranous scale leaves called tunic, e.g., onion and garlic. In Asparagus, the cladodes are one internode long and in Ruscus the cladodes are two internode long. 1st PUC Biology Plant Kingdom One Mark Questions. Stolon arises from the base of the main stem. After growing aerially for a while it bends downwards to touch the ground. Prickles are superficial outgrowths on the plant. ... [NCERT class 11, page 11] Choose the correct All Pisces have gills covered by an; All mammals are viviparous. Dear student . 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It is a condensed stem axis that bears words of floral organs -calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. It originates from the axis of the leaf and grows horizontally. A brightly coloured bract like covering associated with the banana inflorescence is called: Share Your Word File Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Example: Guava, Cucumber, Sunflower. In Gynandropsis, Cleomeand Silene the thalamus exhibits clear nodes and internodes. The weak sub-aerial stems are modified into following four types: It is a creeping stem with long internodes, running horizontally on the soil surface.

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