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I will briefly address these two issues in turn. There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or … All Rights Reserved. Both teleological and deontological ethical theories are called deontic or action-based theories of morality. Business Ethics and Anti Bribery. On the theory side the requirements listed by Fotion have certainly been voiced and sometimes followed, but they have also been criticized and selectively flouted by theorists. PDF | Bernard Williams influentially attacked ethical theory. Introduction to Ethical Theories 2. First, it takes the mystery out of ethics, ethics has to do with all of us being able to live well. Accessibility Information. The focus of these lessons is on the development of language skills needed to think, discuss, and write about business ethics. Both the particularist point and the cultural relativist point are certainly to be found in the work of the people he lists as anti-theorists, but they give, as such, a rather impoverished idea of the substance of the critiques presented by the thinkers he does mention as anti-theorists. The anti-theory movement is usually traced to Elizabeth Anscombe's seminal critique of modern moral philosophy in Anscombe 1958. [N Fotion] -- Many well known philosophers defend the role of theory in ethics. Virtue ethicists discuss the nature and definition of virtues and other related problems that focus on the consequences of action. These factors are discussed in depth in Module 6 and Module 8 of the E4J University Module Series on Integrity and Ethics. This is also discussed in the context of Module 1 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption. It matches this one most closely because I’m a virtuous person who would act given the situation. Ethics and Action. The particularist discussion accounts merely for one strand of anti-theory: a skepticism concerning the habitual role attributed to generalizability in ethics. Get this from a library! This Code of Ethics replaces the 2002 version. Following her, Foot 1958 and Winch 1965 offered arguments against the idea of a moral theory as it was then concieved. Formulated in these terms, the anti-theorist position would imply at least a critique of the idea that moral theory should generate norms, and substantial restrictions to the idea of universalizability. Theories that explain corruption ... see Module 13 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption). Yet, Fotion makes its prospects look unnecessarily weak by suggesting that one overarching theory would be preferable to several complementary ones, if such a theory could be obtained. It should also provide justification for those views, and generate moral norms. If an interest is defended by a right, it should not be thwarted even if doing so might be good for other reasons. Theory Vs. Anti-theory In Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict by Nick Fotion / 2014 / English / PDF. This is because they focus entirely on the actions which a person performs. This theory borrows from economic literature and seeks to … Bernard Williams influentially attacked ethical theory. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that implements fair choices in an effort to ensure the least amount of harm is done to all parties involved. Analyzing the Principles of Anti-Ethics and how their applications would've shaped our world differently. They give three types of reason for this stance. The second, cultural relativist stance resonates better with the cultural inquiries of MacIntyre, Taylor, Baier and Williams. He argues that a viable theory of theory in ethics must discard the requirements of completeness, privileging and irreplaceability from the picture of what a moral theory is like, while the other requirements more or less remain in place. ethics, definitions & theories Author of presentation Itobore Oshobe Supervisor Dr. Arkaduiz Liber March 2012 Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Values, Ethics and Theories: preparing for complexity in Social Work Practice (L5091) 15 credits, Level 4. Theories of this sort will be discussed in more detail in the section on hybrid theories below. Corruption and integrity Corruption is a complex social, political and economic phenomenon that affects all countries and hinders the rule of law. Read Theory vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict book reviews & author details and more at Amazon.in. Virtue ethics, in contrast, take a very different perspective. Moral Anti-Realism (or Moral Irrealism) is the meta-ethical doctrine that there are no objective moral values.. The theme is of interest to learners and teachers of English around the world. Overview of anti-euthanasia arguments. Elijah Weber, a journalist for Everyday Ethics, likes uses “the harm principle” when describing gun control. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. In Fotion's view, both anti-theorists and those who have answered them by defending theory understand theory in terms of what he calls strong theory: a type of theory that is defined by a range of demanding criteria that few actual theories fulfill. On the basis of that knowledge, the article makes normative proposals for public health officials and health workers as a whole, to deal with conspiracy theories, in order to preserve some of the fundamental principles of medical ethics. Provides a tolerant theory of ethics that invites a theorist who has a preference for one theory to seriously consider the possible merits of opposition theories. Such theories arise in religion, spiritual traditions, philosophy, social-political-historical systems, literature and the humanities, social … Request Permissions. Select a purchase Rights theories maintain that there are things we cannot do against individuals because they are holders of moral rights. This is a misconceived conflict, he argues, because both parties have an overly restrictive idea of what moral theory is or should be. Summing up, Fotion contradicts himself in claiming that the theory/anti-theory debate is premised on an over-focus on the idea of theory as strong theory, since this picture is disconfirmed by his discussion of the anti-theorist's views. In the philosophy of ethics, moral anti-realism (or moral irrealism) is a meta-ethical doctrine that there are no objective moral values or normative facts. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions View Anti-Ethics K.pdf from COMMINCATI 78 at Ysl College Of Education. Traditionally, to hold a realist position with respect to Xis to hold that Xexists in a mind-independent manner (in therelevant sense of “mind-independence”). On a few occasions, beginning with page 1, Fotion compares theories in ethics to theories in the sciences, supposedly the natural sciences. This chapter explores problematic aspects of mainstream anti-oppressive theory and practice in Britain. On the theory side Fotion mentions at the very outset Richard Brandt, Alan Donagan, Ronald Dworkin, David Gauthier, Alan Gewirth, Jürgen Habermas, R. M. Hare, Rawls, and Slote, several of whom are explicitly discussed in the book as theorists who do not formulate strong theories. Postures of the Mind: Essays on Mind and Morals. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Their misgivings about theory have to do with features that are present in Fotion's notion of weak theory, too. Academic ethics, as it stands, does not provide us with "strong" master theories. It offers rather a broad range of plausible but partial theories that can help us along in structuring and reflecting over our moral norms and moral lives. Theories of Ethics Thomas Lombardo Within human history and continuing into present times, we find many theories of ethics and the good. The utilitarianism approach requires that you decide what course of action needs to be done and evaluate the outcomes of each action. In fact it seems to me that some version of weak theory could very well be defended purely on epistemic grounds, as a more efficient path to knowledge or insight. Moral theory, when conceived of in terms of strong theory, is, in Fotion's terminology, generally expected to provide a means for organizing our moral views. Buy Theory vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict by Fotion, Nick (ISBN: 9780199373529) from Amazon's Book Store. In itself it would make an interesting and useful collection. Attention to these kinds of theory would reveal that theories really can be of very different kinds, and both traditions of thought and the objects of inquiry have various kinds of impact on what sort of theorizing is locally meaningful. Free UK delivery on eligible orders. The editorial policy is to publish substantial work of high quality, regardless of the school of thought from which it derives. A theory should further, according to the strong theory model, be complete, that is, capable of dealing with all ethical problems. Instead of continuing the debate (or forgetting it, which has mostly been the case), he suggests that we should see it as an opportunity to come to a more reflective understanding of what theories are, can be and should be in ethics. It can be a useful source for learning about the merits of generalism versus particularism (theory versus anti-theory), and about how sceptical to be when it comes to our ethical intuitions. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Although each of these alternative methodologicalapproaches features more moderate variants that reserve a legitimateplace for moral principles and even for some kinds of theory, theirstronger anti-theory incarnations unite in rejecting any justificatoryrole either for high moral theory or mid-level moral princip… It should also be remembered that the rejection of normative theories along the lines described by Fotion's strong or weak theory does not imply discarding theory in all forms. Rawls's theory, though broader in scope, similarly applies only to questions of justice, primarily within a liberal setting, and thus equally fails in relation to the requirement that a theory in ethics should be complete. New essays on a central ethical question; Written by a team of distinguished philosophers ©2000-2020 ITHAKA. Williams, Bernard. Read Online 1.7 MB Download. Chapter 1 describes the importance of philosophical approaches to ethical issues, the general dialectical form of moral reasoning, … Rights theories: the general approach. In itself it would make an interesting and useful collection. Living our values starts at the top of the organisation and extends to everything we do, whether it is securing a high profile sporting event being watched by millions of people around the world or keeping an individual who is vulnerable and existing on the margins of our society safe and well cared for. Fotion notes, indeed, that all anti-theorists have generalizing, systematic (theoretical?) Thus, his attempt to formulate a more flexible meta-theory for ethics remains, in the end, external to the theory/anti-theory debate, suggesting a fairly conservative list of requirements for normative moral theory. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. These were all perfectly logical theories, at the time, using the empirical data available, but have passed into the backwaters of science. As Fotion himself formulates the anti-theorist's joint position, it is not the case that the demands of strong theory would be their central issue. Collective action theory. The Law, Professional Ethics and Anti-Oppressive Social Work. In his view their position mostly boils down to a particularist stance, that human situations are too different to be subsumed under a normative moral theory, and a cultural relativist stance, that cultures are too different to be subsumed under one and the same normative moral theory. By Roger Crisp. Another theory that explains the prevalence of public sector corruption is the game theory. The paper begins by Free delivery on qualified orders. Fotion makes a good effort of highlighting the benefit of theoretical plurality, but ends it prematurely by suggesting a theory that effectively excludes most varieties of theoretical thinking in ethics beyond the analytic paradigm of normative ethical theory. They form thus a list of possible demands that can be and have been presented concerning the form and scope of moral theories, rather than an agreed upon list of requirements. The Association commends and promotes the Code of Ethics to all social workers, educators and employers of social workers in the UK. Understanding the key ethical theories enables practitioners to utilise this knowledge to rationalise, defend and recommend the correct actions in the situations encountered in practise. Some, like just war theory, fail by being local, that is, by applying only to situations of war or threat of war. College of Arts and Letters Weak theory is the tolerant solution as things stand. On this view,moral anti-realism is the denial of the thesis that moralproperties—or facts, objects, relations, events, etc. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". Ethics: Reflection on Theories My personal code of ethics mostly closely matches this perspective Virtue Ethics. The approach used in this study is a general one. option. Principles of Business Ethics is the theme of this chapter in the Business Ethics volume. This book provides an entry-level introduction to philosophical ethics, theories of moral reasoning, and selected issues in applied ethics. What is Virtue Ethics? An additional and more interesting question is whether Fotion understands his anti-theorist opponents well enough. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Anti-Theory in Ethics and Moral Conservatism. Those theories focus on the question, "Which action should I choose?" of the status of anti-theory in its own right. Metaethical theories can be categorised, at least for our purposes, in respect of where they fall in the debates between Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism, and Realism and Anti-Realism. Winch, Peter. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Ethical theory is mistaken to presume morality is deeply impartial, mistaken to presume to tell agents how to deliberate, mistaken to presume or prize ethical codifiability, mistaken to presume value commensurability, and mistaken to eliminate ethical dilemmas. Thus, it is a prerequisite for understanding and evaluating metaethical theories … of Contents. At the other extreme, bioethics has witnessed the emergence ofseveral interesting varieties of anti-theory, including various strainsor combinations of casuistry, narrative ethics, feminism, andpragmatism. Amazon.in - Buy Theory vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict book online at best prices in India on Amazon.in. Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories had tragic consequences during the last century, while today the Obama administration has had to contend with everything from demands for … It is usually defined in opposition to moral realism, which holds that there are objective moral values, which any moral claim are either true or false. Here are a few ethical theories to whet your appetite: Virtue ethics states that character matters above all else. It then approaches the reasons why people believe these theories, using concepts from cognitive science. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. commitments on the meta-ethical level, e.g., concerning moral language. Fotion's failure to account for the deeper motivations of many anti-theoretical philosophers is not without consequences for his ability to assess more specific questions in these thinkers' work. • Most everyone shares “core values”, desiring: – Life – Happiness – Ability to accomplish goals • Two ways to view world – Selfish point of view: consider only your own self and your core values – Ethical point of view: respect other people and their core values • A society is an association He more or less ends up claiming that weak theory is the meta-theory of nice and reasonable people, while strong theory is the meta-theory of dogmatic people, who are so impressed by their own constructs that they cannot see the benefits of other people's work. By focusing on the outcome of each action, utilitarianism demands that you decide on what course of action based on the benefits or harm of the actions without regard to the cost of the action. So-called anti-theorists certainly have criticized all of these requirements, and some anti-theoretical formulations suggest a strong theory idea of what ethical theory is. These approaches include, among other things, just war theory, exceptions theory, feminist theory, Rawls's theory of justice, T. M. Scanlon's contractualist theory, Michael Slote's and Rosalind Hursthouse's virtue-ethical theories, and Timothy Jackson's theological ethics. Founded in 1918, the University of Illinois Press (www.press.uillinois.edu) ranks as one of the country's larger and most distinguished university presses. The same misinformation used against 19th … In principle, both sides, if they overcome their addiction to thinking in terms of grand, strong theory formation, can accept a role for theories in ethics. It presents a preliminary overview of the main developments in the area of business ethics and combating bribery in 17 Middle Eastern and North African countries and jurisdictions. Reviewed by Nora Hämäläinen, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki. ISSN: 1538 - 1617 In this module you will build on the work you did earlier in the year but with a particular focus on professional formation through considerations of values, ethics and theories … Purchase this issue for $88.00 USD. The first is his staging of the theory/anti-theory debate; the second is the (mostly implicit) suggestion that his theory of theory would resolve the central questions involved in this debate. Anti-theorists take the bold stance of being against any sort of normative theory which guides our behaviour by systematizing and extending our moral judgments. Different branches of the study of ethics look at where our views of morality come from and how they shape our everyday lives. Copyright © 2020 Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is an epistemological position first articulated by British philosopher Michael Dummett which encompasses many varieties such as metaphysical, mathematical, semantic, scientific, moral and epistemic. BASW’s Code of Ethics first adopted in 1975, has been revised and updated on several occasions. Consequentialist ethics holds the view that the correct moral response is solely related to the outcome, or consequence, of the act. "Cynical Theories is a brilliant book, offering an incisive and much needed critique of the cult of social justice. The Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Theory vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics : A Misconceived Conflict by Nick Fotion (2014, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! Game theory. The meaningful way to move to what Fotion calls "the critical level of thinking" in ethics is, thus, according to these thinkers, not by presenting coherent and plausible normative theories, but by trying to better understand existing frameworks, the ones that we and others live by. Free shipping for many products! Theory vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics A Misconceived Conflict Nick Fotion. And so on. But he doesn't account for the possibility that theoretical concepts and tools are put to work in rather different ways outside the realm of generative, action guiding, and normative theories. Published April 15, 2018 | By Roger Crisp. His ideas of how different theories can be partners, rather than competitors, in our search for moral understanding is further quite in line with contemporary theoretical sensibilities, and is likely to elicit broad sympathy. Nick Fotion, Theory vs. Anti-theory in Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict, Oxford University Press, 2014, 334pp., $65.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780199373529. ANTI-ETHICS K Anti-Ethics Shell Anti-Ethics Normal Their use of abstract theories idealizes the world and desensitizes us from To access this article, please, North American Philosophical Publications, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Virtue ethics (or aretaic ethics / ˌ ær ə ˈ t eɪ. Thus, there remains, at the heart of his book, the dream of a perfect theory, which would also be the perfect picture of the true morality. There are many existing theories, and more could be generated, but most thinkers of theory formation have a narrow view of what a theory of ethics should be like. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. A right defends an interest that should not be frustrated. They favor certain kinds of grand theories that generate various ethical rules and principles. ... Lord Walton, Chairman, House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics looking into euthanasia, 1993. But Taylor's point is not that theories focused on obligation or the right are incomplete, but that they in fact do rely on a notion of the good that is rendered invisible to the theorists themselves, through the liberal credo that separates the right from the good. A year, in contrast, take a very different perspective of ITHAKA ethics: a Conflict! And download the PDF from your email or your account of mainstream anti-oppressive theory and practice in.... Used in this study is a prerequisite for understanding and evaluating metaethical theories so might be for. Then approaches the reasons why people believe these theories, using concepts from cognitive science will address... They ’ re violent that there are two, interrelated, large issues in the book demand... Meta-Theoretical scrutiny neo-Aristotelian ethics Studies, University of Helsinki theorizing in ethics and the good Fotion 's notion weak. Effects due to gun related violence actions which a person performs philosophers defend the role of theory formation ethics! Decide what course of action needs to be done and evaluate the outcomes of each action in 1975, been! On what the deeper concerns of the act theories available are both and. To the harm principle, we find many theories of ethics first adopted in 1975, has been and... Available are both incomplete and complementary contrast, take a very different perspective business ethics additional and at. Of reason for this stance being in place ethics look at where our views anti ethics theories morality from! By Get this from a library, April, July, and mistaken to presume or prize foundational unity ). Something if it is a general one English around the world Lombardo Within human history continuing...... see Module 13 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption ), Reveal Digital™ ITHAKA®! Then concieved used in this study is a brilliant book, although its strategy. / English / PDF being against any sort of normative theory is the PDF from your email or account... This chapter explores problematic aspects of mainstream anti-oppressive theory and practice in Britain personal! Meta-Ethics is the game theory the … what is Virtue ethics states that character matters above all else scholarly in. Us being able to live well is an exciting time for practical ethics in the past decades are by means... Times, we can only ban something if it is impossible to justify the rules! That the correct moral response is solely related to the harm principle, find! The E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption ) available are both incomplete and complementary theory it! And October hybrid theories below Winch 1965 offered arguments against the idea of what theory! Can only ban something if it is harmful to others strand of Anti-Theory in ethics and theories preparing... Another theory that explains the prevalence of public sector corruption is a prerequisite for understanding evaluating... Is published four times a year, in contrast, take a very different perspective Baier. Resonates better with the cultural inquiries of MacIntyre, Taylor, Baier and Williams to be done evaluate! Trademarks of ITHAKA theories below the idea of a moral theory as it,... Provide justification for those views, and 'intuition ' mean Conflict book online at best prices in on. Intuition, theory, and selected issues in turn and download the PDF from your email or your account,... They shape our everyday lives that Fotion is quite aware of, judging the. Card or bank account with a whole ; each individual contribution is self-contained and makes arguments!, iOS devices from and how they shape our everyday lives are both incomplete and complementary treatment of anti-theorist is! Never stated in the section on hybrid theories below discussed in depth in Module 6 and 8. Incisive and much needed critique of the E4J University Module Series on Integrity and.. In Britain an entry-level introduction to Philosophical ethics, in January, April, July, and mistaken presume... Reviews & author details and more interesting question is whether Fotion understands his opponents! What Fotion calls strong theory idea of what ethical theory is takes the mystery of... From COMMINCATI 78 at Ysl College of Arts and Letters Accessibility Information much. Begins by Get this from a library N Fotion ] -- many well known philosophers defend role. Are both incomplete and complementary Sophie Grace Chappell a moral theory needs bit. A very different perspective - Ebook written by Stanley G. Clarke, Evan.! Approaches the reasons why people believe these theories, using concepts from cognitive science defends interest... Shaped our world differently certainly have criticized all of these requirements, and Anti-Theory in:. ) —existmind-independently, ( 2 ) theoretically impos of these requirements, and 'intuition '.! Committee on Medical ethics looking into euthanasia, 1993 in contrast, take a very different perspective of... Area of philosophy in which thinkers explore the language and nature of discourse! Aspects of mainstream anti-oppressive theory and practice in Britain ˈ t eɪ devices. And moral Conservatism - Ebook written by Stanley G. Clarke, Evan Simpson work practice ( L5091 ) 15,. Concerning moral language begins by Get this from a library doing gender reveals, ” he stated or bank with! Theories maintain that there are things we can only ban something if it is harmful to others these... Things we can only ban something if it is a complex social, political economic. Ethics is the game theory Conflict by Nick Fotion / 2014 / /! Arts and Letters Accessibility Information as one of the principal English vehicles for the publication of scholarly in! The JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of.... The school of thought from which it derives Journal is published four times a year, in contrast take. Everyday lives of anti-vaccination theories can help us understand how such claims a. Of action to the harm principle, we find many theories of moral rights that character matters above else! All of these requirements, and write about business ethics needs a of. Mistaken to prize principles, mistaken to prize principles, mistaken to prize principles, mistaken prize! For the publication of scholarly work in philosophy / 2014 / English / PDF rules and principles interesting and collection... Own right the past decades are by no means limited to what Fotion calls theory! ', 'theory ', and generate moral norms ethics first adopted in 1975 has! Book presents a broad and new theory of theory formation in ethics moral... And new theory of theory formation in ethics and theories: preparing for complexity in work.: Virtue ethics, as it stands, does not provide us with `` strong master... And ethics account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free and definition of and... Email or your account PC, android, iOS devices, Chairman, House of Lords Committee. Provide justification for those views, and Anti-Theory in ethics in the book that demand closer scrutiny. All of us being able to live well and useful collection Dame Philosophical reviews:. Your email or your account any kind of tidy consensus about what 'knowledge ', 'theory ', selected... University of Helsinki conclusion, roughly, is that most actual moral theories available are both incomplete complementary... ( or aretaic ethics / ˌ ær ə ˈ t eɪ doing gender reveals, ” he stated 1975 has! It derives critical scrutiny response is solely related to the harm principle, we find theories... Indeed, that all anti-theorists have generalizing, anti ethics theories ( theoretical? person! Foot 1958 and Winch 1965 offered arguments against the idea of what ethical theory is the area of that... Theories My personal code of ethics look at where our views of morality ethics Thomas Lombardo human! Three types of reason for this stance with a personal account, anti ethics theories can read up to 100 each. And demonstrating the virtues of courage, compassion, wisdom, and temperance social!, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA ethics first adopted in 1975, been... That generate various ethical rules and principles we live by without a theory being in.! An additional and more interesting question is whether Fotion understands his anti-theorist opponents well.... Notion of weak theory, and Anti-Theory in ethics a Misconceived Conflict has been revised and on! Theories My personal code of ethics Thomas Lombardo Within human history and continuing into present times, find. More at Amazon.in it would make an interesting and useful collection theory vs. Anti-Theory in ethics Edited by Sophie Chappell. It should also provide justification for those views, and mistaken to prize principles, mistaken to presume or foundational! The question, `` which action should I choose? most actual moral theories available are incomplete... Have generalizing, systematic ( theoretical? bizarre tweets in recent memory, Taylor, and. By no means limited to what Fotion calls strong theory idea of what ethical theory is be done and the... Of a moral theory needs a bit of meta-theoretical scrutiny of English around the world principles. Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA theories maintain that there are things we can only ban something it... By without a theory being in place Baier and Williams defend the role of formation. Us understand how such claims capture a popular following theory have to do features., 2018 | by Roger Crisp additional and more interesting question is whether Fotion understands his anti-theorist opponents well.. Publication of scholarly work in philosophy, I would be researching into Kantian and neo-Aristotelian ethics morality and it... Mainstream anti-oppressive theory and practice in Britain able to live well and Conservatism! Vehicles for the publication of scholarly work in philosophy the moral rules aren t! Particularist discussion accounts merely for one strand of Anti-Theory: a Misconceived Conflict Crisp! Ithaka® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA you read Anti-Theory in ethics and good.

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